Basal Energy Expenditure of Chinese Healthy Adults: Comparison of Measured and Predicted Values / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#This study aimed to measure the basal energy expenditure (BEE) of Chinese healthy adults and establish an accurate predictive equation for this population.@*Methods@#In total, 470 Chinese healthy adults had their BEE measured using the Cosmed K4b portable metabolic system. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to develop new optimal equations for predicting BEE. The bias, accuracy rate, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the predictive equations.@*Results@#There was a significant difference in BEE between males and females, with 5,954 kJ/d and 5,089 kJ/d, respectively. People living in rural areas expended significantly higher BEE (5,885 kJ/d) than those in urban areas (5,279 kJ/d). Previous equations developed by Henry, Schofield, Harris-Benedict (H-B), and Liu overestimated the BEE of Chinese healthy adults. The new equations derived from the present study displayed the smallest average bias and RMSE from the measured basal energy expenditure (mBEE). The CCC of the new equations was higher than other predictive equations, but it was lower than 0.8. There was no significant difference in the accuracy rate among all predictive equations.@*Conclusions@#Sex and regional differences in BEE were observed in Chinese healthy adults. Neither the widely used previous predictive equations nor the one derived in the present study were accurate enough for estimating the BEE of Chinese healthy adults. Further study is required to develop more accurate equations for predicting the BEE of Chinese healthy adults aged between 20-45 years.

Television news coverage of obesity in China, 1982-2009 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to explore how obesity was covered in television news in China, including the trends over time and the characteristics of obesity-related news.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The frame analysis was adopted to assess the content of obesity-related news broadcasted in China Central Television (CCTV) from 1982 to 2009. To investigate the characteristics of the news, the obesity-related news was divided into subgroups according to populations concerned, as well as the period in which the news was broadcasted. The differences between subgroups were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1 599 pieces of news reported obesity, in which 1 278 pieces (79.92%) aired in "wealthy" period (2006-2009). More news was concerned with adults (1 134, 70.92%). "Individual behavior" dominated most of the cause frames (389, 24.33%), solution frames (522, 32.65%), and responsibility frames (860, 53.78%). There was more news mentioning individual factors in news aired in "wealthy" period and news concerning children. The coverage of social-structure causes was higher in news concerning children, while the coverage of social-structure solutions was higher in news concerning children and news aired in "wealthy" period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Although the coverage of obesity was modest, it showed an incremental trend as the economy grew. Obesity was mostly depicted as an individual problem in terms of responsibility, causes and solutions.</p>

Visceral fat area, waist circumference and metabolic risk factors in abdominally obese Chinese adults / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the association of visceral adiposity as measured by VFA and WC with lipid and glucose metabolic biomarkers in abdominally obese Chinese adults, and to assess whether WC could be an indicator of visceral fat.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>WC and VFA were measured in 155 overweight and obese adults. A fasting blood sample was collected from participant (n = 118) whose VFA > or = 100 cm2 for analyses of lipid and glucose profile. The relationship between VFA and WC and biomarkers was investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>WC and VFA were significantly interrelated. The coincidence rate of abdominal obesity determined by Japanese VFA and Chinese WC criteria increased across age quartiles in women from 51.7% to 96.2%. A large WC was associated significantly with low HDL-cholesterol concentration (P < 0.01) and the association was weakened by additional control of VFA. WC and VFA were positively associated with glucose, hemoglobin A1c and insulin concentrations (P < 0.05 except for the association of VFA with insulin: P < 0.01), and all the associations were not significant by additional control of either WC or VFA. As WC quartiles increased, significant stepwise increments in triglyceride, glucose, hemoglobin A1c and insulin and descent in HDL-cholesterol were observed. However, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were not significantly different when compared across VFA quartiles.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Higher visceral fat was associated with an adverse lipid and glucose profile. WC can be a moderate predictor for visceral fat and provides a feasible measurement to estimate glucose metabolic risks. Further studies are warranted to establish age-specific WC cutoffs.</p>

Pilot study on total energy expenditure by accelerometer and physical activity logs / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Using accelerometer and physical activity logs to evaluate daily energy expenditure, as to providing a simple and convenient method to survey the total energy expenditure (TEE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The different activity intensities recorded by accelerometer were distinguished into a certain different energy expenditure value by gas metabolism method. Forty-one participants wore the accelerometer for 7 days continuously and completed physical activity logs everyday at the same time. The total energy expenditure was evaluated by these methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Total energy expenditure evaluated by accelerometer was (9761 +/- 866) kJ/d [(2332 +/- 207) kcal/d, PAL 1.46 +/- 0.11] for male and (7526 +/- 879) kJ/d [ (1798 +/- 210) kcal/d,P AL 1.43 +/- 0.09 for female; whereas combining accelerometer and physical activity logs data showed that the total energy expenditure was (10 573 +/- 804) kJ/d [(2526 +/- 192) kcal d, PAL 1.58 +/- 0.10] for male, and 8191 +/- 737 kJ/d [(1957 +/- 176) kcal/d, PAL 1.56 +/- 0.08] for female.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Using accelerometer and physical activity logs to evaluate the total energy expenditure might be consistent with the existing data, so this method might be used to survey the individual energy expenditure and physical activity levels.</p>

Association of genetic polymorphisms in selenoprotein GPX1 and TXNRD2 with genetic susceptibility of gastric cancer / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study examined whether the two polymorphisms of GPX1 (198Pro--> Leu) and TXNRD2 (370Lys-->Arg) contributed alone or in combination, to the risk of gastric cancer development.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 361 patients with gastric cancer and 363 cancer-free controls were recruited and their genotypes of the two polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-based restrictive fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed using unconditional logistic regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GPX1 and TXNRD2 polymorphisms individually were not associated with the risk of gastric cancer. Gene-gene interaction of GPX1 and TXNRD2 polymorphisms decreased the risk of gastric cancer. Carrying the protective genotype might decrease the risk at 62% (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.26-0.55, P < 0.001) as compared with the risk genotype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The GPX1 198 Pro/Pro and TXNRD2 370Arg/Arg genotypes might be associated with the genetic susceptibility of gastric cancer.</p>

Study on the reliability and validity of international physical activity questionnaire (Chinese Vision, IPAQ) / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the reliability and validity of Chinese version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and to provide an instrument for physical activity measurement in Chinese-spoken population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Test-retest reliability was systemically assessed in 94 participants sampled from college students. Questionnaires were completed twice with a three-day interval. The validity was established in 39 volunteers by Caltrac accelerometer monitoring and 24-hour activity recording for seven consecutive days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both long vision (LV) and short vision (SV) had intraclass correlation coefficients above 0.7 for physical activity. The total energy expenditure measured by LV, SV and PA records were 264.5 +/- 260.9, 185.4 +/- 128.9 (compared with activity records, P < 0.05) and 250.5 +/- 141.2 MET-min/d respectively. Energy expenditure of moderate physical activity were 81.7 +/- 165.4, 32.0 +/- 42.5 (compared with activity record, P < 0.05) and 61.3 +/- 72.0 MET-min/d. Caltrac accelerometer was moderately correlated with LV (r = 0.50) and SV (r = 0.63) while SV measured total daily energy expenditure was lower than activity records. When participants were categorized into two groups according to their time spent in physical activity above or below the target level, proportions of agreement of questionnaires and 24-hour activity records were high, including vigorous physical activity above 90% and moderate physical activity above 70%. LV, SV and activity records were measured during sedentary condition at an approximate level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both LV and SV of IPAQ appeared to have acceptable reliability and validity, compared to other physical activity instruments that were used in various large epidemiological studies. The total or physical energy expenditures were similar between LV and activity records. For activity levels, the proportion of agreement were similar between activity records and LV or SV. However, SV underestimated the energy expenditure of total and moderate physical activity.</p>